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Category Archives: South Africa
Ranked: Who Are the Richest People in Africa?
This graphic ranks the richest people in Africa. Aliko Dangote from Nigeria leads the group.
Ranked: Who Are the Richest People in Africa?
The African continent is home to 46 billionaires, the second-lowest total of any global region.
The number of wealthy individuals in Africa is growing, however. Total private wealth is expected to rise 30% over the next decade, led by growth in the billionaire and millionaire segments.
Visualized here are Africaâs richest, using data collected by Forbes, on billionaires who reside on the continent and have their primary business there.
Breaking Down Africaâs Billionaires
The richest man in Africa is also the richest Black man in the world. Once a small sugar trader, Aliko Dangote now has a net worth of $13.5 billion. He is the 86th richest person in the world, and single-handedly makes up 25% of the total wealth of African billionaires.
His company, the Dangote Group is now an African conglomerate with interests in a range of sectors, including sugar, cement, and real estate.
Rank Name Net Worth (billions, USD) Industry Citizenship
1 Aliko Dangote $13.5 Manufacturing đłđŹ Nigeria
2 Johann Rupert & family $10.7 Fashion & Retail đżđŠ South Africa
3 Nicky Oppenheimer & family $8.4 Metals & mining đżđŠ South Africa
4 Abdulsamad Rabiu $7.6 Diversified đłđŹ Nigeria
5 Nassef Sawiris $7.3 Construction & Engineering đȘđŹ Egypt
6 Mike Adenuga $6.3 Diversified đłđŹ Nigeria
7 Issad Rebrab & family $4.6 Food & Beverage đ©đż Algeria
8 Naguib Sawiris $3.3 Telecom đȘđŹ Egypt
9 Patrice Motsepe $3.2 Metals & mining đżđŠ South Africa
10 Mohamed Mansour $2.9 Diversified đȘđŹ Egypt
11 Koos Bekker $2.6 Media & Entertainment đżđŠ South Africa
12 Strive Masiyiwa $1.9 Telecom đżđŒ Zimbabwe
13 Mohammed Dewji $1.5 Diversified đčđż Tanzania
13 Aziz Akhannouch & family $1.5 Diversified đČđŠ Morocco
13 Youssef Mansour $1.5 Diversified đȘđŹ Egypt
The top threeâAlike Dangote, Johann Rupert, and Nicky Oppenheimerâaccount for 40% of the total wealth of those ranked.
A Look Through the Rest of the Richest People in Africa
At number two on the list is Johann Rupert. The chairman of Swiss luxury goods company, Compagnie Financiere Richemont, started his career with a banking apprenticeship in New York, before returning to South Africa and eventually pivoting to retail.
Through the rest of those ranked, a range of diverse business activities have allowed these billionaires to garner their wealth.
Nicky Oppenheimer (3rd) and Patrice Motsepe (9th)âhave made fortunes in the mining industry, a sector that contributes nearly 10% to sub-Saharan Africaâs GDP. Meanwhile, Naguib Sawiris (8th) and Strive Masiyiwa (12th) have built telecom empires.
Billionaire Wealth Mirrors Country Wealth
Only seven out of the 54 African countries are represented on Africaâs rich list, and even amongst them, three countries (Egypt, South Africa, and Nigeria) account for more than two-thirds of the top-ranked billionaires.
Country Rank in African Economy Individuals on Top 15 Billionaire List
đłđŹ Nigeria #1 3
đżđŠ South Africa #2 4
đȘđŹ Egypt #3 4
The home countries for these billionaires reflect the nation’s’ contribution to the African economy as a whole. Nigeria, South Africa, and Egypt have the top three GDPs in Africa.
Algeriaâwhere Issad Rebrab (7th) is fromâis ranked fourth, and Moroccoâwhere Aziz Akhannouch (13th) is basedâis fifth.
Whatâs Next For Africaâs Richest?
Africa has routinely been touted to become a future economic powerhouse as its demographic dividend pays off in the next few decades. However, its biggest challenge will be developing its economic and social infrastructure to retain local talent to make their fortunes at home.
WEALTH Ranked: Who Are the Richest People in Africa? Published on July 18, 2023
By Shakir Essa
Which Cities Hold Africaâs Wealth?
Map: Which Cities Hold Africaâs Wealth?
Which Cities Hold Africaâs Wealth?
Mapping Africaâs Wealth
The Chart of the Week is a weekly Visual Capitalist feature on Fridays.
The economy in Africa is on the rise, and financial hubs are beginning to emerge.
While the resource-rich African continent has seen only 13% growth in total private wealth over the past 10 years, the 3% spike in the past year alone indicates the growth is just warming up. Africa will also be home to 13 out of the 20 of the worldâs largest megacities by 2100.
In this weekâs chart, we take a look at Africaâs wealthiest cities, courtesy of this recent 2018 report from New World Wealth and AfrAsia Bank.
Africaâs Evolving Economy
While Africa has traditionally played a minor role in the world market, the continent is coming into its own as a hub for financial services and entrepreneurship.
Africaâs growing elite has added 19,000 millionaires over the past decade, with total private wealth totaling $2.3 trillion. These figures are predicted to increase by 34% over the next decade, reaching $3.1 trillion by the end of 2027.
The five wealthiest cities hail from three countries:
1. Johannesburg, South Africa ($276 billion)
Founded in the Witwatersrand Gold Rush of 1886, South Africaâs City of Gold is a hub for financial services, professional services (law firms and consultancies), construction, telecommunications, and basic materials.
2. Cape Town, South Africa ($155 billion)
One of South Africaâs three capital cities, Cape Townâs major sectors include real estate, financial services, retail, and tourism. Cape Town has the highest prime residential rates on the continent at US$6,100 per square meter, similar to cities such as Washington, D.C., or Berlin.
3. Cairo, Egypt ($140 billion)
A hub for Africa and the Middle East, Cairoâs major sectors include real estate, construction, financial services, and basic materials.
4. Lagos, Nigeria ($108 billion)
The clearing house for 80% of Nigeriaâs imports, major sectors include basic materials, real estate, construction, telecommunications, transport, and financial services.
5. Durban, South Africa ($55 billion)
Home to the biggest shopping center in Africa â complete with 350 stores, 70 restaurants, 18 movie theaters, an IMAX theater, an indoor climbing wall, and a skate park designed by Tony Hawk â Durbanâs major sectors include real estate, finance, healthcare, construction, retail, and transport.
The Full List of Cities
Here is a full ranking of the top 23 cities in Africa, based on New World Wealthâs data.
Rank City Country Total Private Wealth (USD)
#1 Johannesburg South Africa $276 billion
#2 Cape Town South Africa $155 billion
#3 Cairo Egypt $140 billion
#4 Lagos Nigeria $108 billion
#5 Durban South Africa $55 billion
#6 Nairobi Kenya $54 billion
#7 Luanda Angola $49 billion
#8 Pretoria South Africa $48 billion
#9 Casablanca Morocco $42 billion
#10 Accra Ghana $38 billion
#11 Abidjan CĂŽte d’Ivoire $27 billion
#12 Dar es Salaam Tanzania $25 billion
#13 Alexandria Egypt $25 billion
#14 Kampala Uganda $16 billion
#15 Windhoek Namibia $13 billion
#16 Abuja Nigeria $13 billion
#17 Addis Ababa Ethiopia $13 billion
#18 Marrakesh Morocco $11 billion
#19 Tangier Morocco $11 billion
#20 Lusaka Zambia $10 billion
#21 Maputo Mozambique $10 billion
#22 Gaborone Botswana $9 billion
#23 Mombasa Kenya $8 billion
With a growth trajectory on the rise and renewed interest in African investment, what will Africaâs economy look like ten years from now?
Corruption in Countries Around the World
The Most Corrupt Countries and the least Corrupt countries in the world,
Mapped: Corruption in Countries Around the World
Mapped: Corruption in Countries Around the World
How bad is public sector corruption around the world, and how do different countries compare?
No matter your system of government, the public sector plays a vital role in establishing your economic mobility and political freedoms. Measuring corruptionâthe abuse of power for private gainâreveals how equal a system truly is.
For more than a decade, the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) by Transparency International has been the worldâs most widely-used metric for scoring corruption. This infographic uses the 2021 CPI to visualize corruption in countries around the world, and the biggest 10-year changes.
Which Countries are Most (and Least) Corrupt?
How do you measure corruption, which includes behind-the-scenes deals, nepotism, corrupt prosecution, and bribery?
Over the last few decades, the CPI has found success doing so indirectly through perceptions.
By aggregating multiple analyses from country and business experts, the index assigns each country a score on a scale of 0 to 100, where 0 is highly corrupt and 100 is very clean.
Here are the results of the 2021 CPI, with the least corrupt countries at the top:
Search:
Corruption Perception by Country Score (2021)
Denmark 88
Finland 88
New Zealand 88
Norway 85
Singapore 85
Sweden 85
Switzerland 84
Netherlands 82
Luxembourg 81
Germany 80
Showing 1 to 10 of 180
Ranking at the top of the index with scores of 88 are Nordic countries Denmark and Finland, as well as New Zealand.
Theyâve consistently topped the CPI over the last decade, and Europe in general had 14 of the top 20 least corrupt countries. Asia also had many notable entrants, including Singapore (tied for #4), Hong Kong (#12), and Japan (tied for #18).
Comparatively, the Americas only had two countries score in the top 20 least corrupt: Canada (tied for #13) and Uruguay (tied for #18). With a score of 67, the U.S. scored at #28 just behind Bhutan, the UAE, and France.
Scoring towards the bottom of the index were many countries currently and historically going through conflict, primarily located in the Middle East and Africa. They include Afghanistan, Venezuela, Somalia, and South Sudan. The latter country finishes at the very bottom of the list, with a score of just 11.
How Corruption in Countries Has Changed (2012â2021)
Corruption is a constant and moving global problem, so itâs also important to measure which countries have had their images improved (or worsened).
By using CPI scores dating back to 2012, we can examine how country scores have changed over the last decade:
Search:
Change in Corruption by Country 10-Year Trend (2012-2021)
Seychelles +18
Armenia +15
Italy +14
Greece +13
Myanmar +13
Guyana +11
Uzbekistan +11
Estonia +10
Latvia +10
Belarus +10
The biggest climber with +18 was Seychelles, Africaâs smallest country and also its least corrupt with a score of 70. Other notable improvements include neighboring countries Estonia, Latvia, and Belarus, with Estonia rising into the top 15 least corrupt countries.
On the opposite side, both Australia (-12) and Canada (-10) have actually fallen out of the top 10 least corrupt countries over the last decade. Theyâre joined by decreases in Hungary (-12) and Syria (-13), which is now ranked as the worldâs second-most corrupt country.
Which countries will rise and fall in corruption perceptions over the next 10 years, and how do your perceptions compare with this list?
Russia, China Drive Africaâs Plan for Nuclear Expansion
Russia and China Drive Africaâs Plan for Nuclear ExpansionOfficials in South Africa and across the African continent continue to explore new nuclear power generation projects, and the region provides an opportunity for other countries to export their advanced nuclear technologies.
South Africaâs Department of Mineral Resources and Energy in May said it wants a plan to procure as much as 2.5 GW of nuclear generation capacity within the next five years.
South Africa today has just two commercial reactors, both at the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station north of Cape Town.1.
The Koeberg Nuclear Power Station, which was commissioned in 1984 and is operated by South Africa state-owned utility Eskom, features two pressurized water reactors, each with 970 MW of generation capacity.
Koeberg (Figure 1) is the only nuclear power plant currently in commercial operation on the entire African continent, although the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recently said nearly a dozen other African nations have talked with the IAEA about formulating plans for nuclear power.
The World Nuclear Association said at least seven sub-Saharan African states have signed agreements to deploy nuclear power with backing from Russia.
Rosatom, the state-owned Russian nuclear company, is âcurrently working with more than 15 sub-Saharan African countries, including Ghana, Zambia, Kenya, South Africa, the Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania and others; as well as with the following North African countries: Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco,â according to Ryan Collyer, acting CEO of Rosatom Central and Southern Africa, who corresponded with POWER.
Jacob Shapiro, the founder and chief strategist for Austin, Texas-based Perch Perspectives, told POWER that South Africa âwill need outside investmentâ to support an expanded nuclear program, which is likely the case for any African nation. âInvestment will come from the same suspects that bid on nuclear projects in South Africa before: Russia, China, France, South Korea, and possibly the United States.
Japan may throw its hat into the ring as well, but they have struggled to be competitive in more reliable markets than South Africa, like the UK and Turkey.âShapiro continued: âIt is hard for me to imagine Russia gaining much traction after [South African President Cyril] Ramaphosa scrapped the previous deal with Rosatom in 2019. That said, domestic politics can change quickly in South Africa and maybe it will be most interested in not getting caught between the U.S. and China, making Russia, South Korea or France better alternatives.
This still ultimately comes down to whichever government thinks South Africa is most important to its strategic interests, and thatâs clearly China.âRussia, for its part, said it has a âwide range of technologies to offerâ African nations exploring nuclear power.
Collyer told POWER those technologies range âfrom âlargeâ light water reactors [pressurized water reactors or PWRs] with capacity over 1 GW to small modular reactors [SMRs]. We were first to deploy commercial fast neutron reactors and are likely to be first to deploy high temperature gas-cooled reactors.
For each country we come up with a solution tailored to the features of the regional electricity market, including the readiness of the distribution grid.âThe Nuclear Industry Association of South Africa (NIASA) has said there are at least six potential options for financing new nuclear power plants in the country, with Mineral Resources and Energy Minister Gwede Mantashe telling a parliamentary committee in mid-May he is open to considering innovative funding options in order to develop new nuclear capacity.
Support for new nuclear power plants in South Africa dimmed after the ruling party forced Jacob Zuma to resign as president in 2018, and officials had said the country could not afford to build additional plants. It also had been thought the economic issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic would inhibit government-financed energy projects.However, Mantashe told the countryâs lawmakers, âThe nuclear build plan will go ahead and we will explore all options.â He said a contract could be awarded to âdevelop a modular nuclear station on a build, operate, and transfer basis, and that means there will be no immediate call for funding from the state.âMantasheâs group, in a presentation to a parliamentary committee about its plans for the next five years, said, âThe development of the roadmap for the 2,500-MW nuclear new-build program will be commencing soon.â Shapiro told POWER the most likely investor for that development is China. âChina is South Africaâs most important trading partner, an important source of investment, and has been making inroads there for a while,â he said. âHowever, unlike the last time South Africa sought bids in 2016, the U.S. now views China as a strategic threat and I could see the U.S. government getting involved to push either an America alternative or an âanyone but Chinaâ alternative. Think of what the U.S. is doing with Huaweiâa similar tactic is possible, especially if President Trump wins again.âThough China may have an edge in trade with South Africa,
Russia is actively pursuing export of its nuclear technology across the continent, as it is doing around the globe. Rosatom has secured more than 30 reactor supply deals in recent years, and in 2019 the company said it had international projects worth $202.4 billion in its portfolio. The company also said it has 36 reactor construction projects outside of Russia at various implementation stages, and already has working agreements with Rwanda, Uganda, the Republic of Congo, and Ethiopia. âAs for South Africa, we have great respect for the path taken by the country in the development of the nuclear industry.
We are open to cooperation on the widest range, subject to a request from our South African colleagues,â said Collyer. âDespite the shortcomings of the grid infrastructure in Africa, the latest generation of tried and tested âlargeâ PWRs, which are already being built in series across the globe, are still the clear winners in most regions, this in terms of the cost of electricity compared to any other technology.
In Africa, we are able to offer our latest generation PWR-type reactorsâthe VVER-1200âwhich is state of the art compared to the previous generation reactors. It is 20% more powerful; the amount of personnel operating the reactor has decreased [by] between 30% and 40%; and the lifetime of the reactor has doubled to 60 years, with the possibility of lasting an additional 20 years.âConsidering the energy needs and peculiarities of energy systems of some African countries, Rosatom may offer its new solutionâSMR nuclear power plant [NPP]. Rosatom has extensive experience with small-scale reactors that we have been mastering over many years on nuclear icebreakers, making them as safe and efficient as our flagship large reactors. Our RITM series reactors are the most modern ones, and already have references, as they are installed on board icebreakers of a new class, the first of which is undergoing sea trials,â Collyer said.The NIASA group said financing options for nuclear power in South Africa include:
Government funding of the entire project, or government-backed loan guarantees, supported by money from state-owned companies.
South Africa gets 77% of its energy needs from coal right now,â Shapiro said. âIf you look at the most recent South African Integrated Resource Plan [IRP], itâs clear that nuclear is a small part of a more general attempt to reduce reliance on coal and fossil fuels, and embrace solar, wind, and hydropower. South Africa substituting some nuclear so it can burn less coal is progress from an environmental perspective.âMantashe, in a May 7 address to South Africaâs Portfolio Committee on Mineral Resources and Energy, said his agency is preparing its nuclear power plan as mandated by the countryâs 2019 IRP. Mantashe said his department would consider all options for nuclear power, including projects designed around SMRs.
He also said the government is considering replacing the SAFARI-1 research reactor with a multi-purpose reactor. SAFARI-1, which was commissioned in 1965, is a 20-MW light water-cooled, beryllium reflected, pool-type research reactor, initially used for high-level nuclear physics research programs. The reactor is owned and operated by South African Nuclear Energy Corp. at the companyâs facility in Pelindaba.âSmall modular reactors make more sense for South Africa, especially considering they are just looking for 2.5 GW of power from nuclear,â Shapiro said. âThatâs one of the reasons the U.S. or South Korea might actually have an ace in the hole here. NuScale Power in the U.S. and SMART Power Company in South Korea are both at the cutting edge of SMRs. I would be surprised if South Africa didnât pursue SMRs considering the energy minister specifically said South Africa was looking to develop modular nuclear stations and cost is the primary concern for the South African government.
The bigger question to me is whether South Africa actually goes through with nuclear at all.
I am not convinced South Africa can absorb the cost even if it does go the SMR route. If South Africa does go forward, SMRs are the logical way to proceed.â Mantasheâs agency also is developing an oversight plan for a program to enable Koebergâs two reactors, which generate about 5% of the countryâs electricity, to continue operating until at least 2044.
NIASA has noted that SMRs could be a more cost-effective way for South Africa to achieve its nuclear power goal. âThe small units are also quite flexible in terms of location,â the agency said in a recent presentation. âInstead of investing in huge transmission lines where they do not already exist, these units can be sited as close to the load centers as possible.
They can also be located inland as they typically require much reduced cooling water. In the rest of the continent where the transmission infrastructure is limited or the demand is currently limited, the deployment of the SMRs close to load centers such as cities and mines, becomes key. South Africa can become a hub of the nuclear supply chain worldwide, in much the same way as in the automotive and aerospace industries.âThe group said that SMRs located in coastal areas, and using high-temperature reactors (HTRs), also could be used for water desalination. Such a design is part of a demonstration project in China, with a reactor known as the HTR-PM, a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. The HTR-PM differs from currently deployed water-cooled designs; the HTR-PM is cooled by helium and can reach temperatures as high as 750C.Kejian Zhang, chairman of the China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA), speaking at the International Conference on Climate Change and the Role of Nuclear Power in Vienna, Austria, in October 2019, said, âThe HTGR demonstration project with fourth-generation technology has made steady progress, and this reactor will be capable of hydrolytic hydrogen production and high temperature process heat.
We have also recently completed the preliminary design of a pool-type, low-temperature heat reactor, the DHR-400, which may be used for district heating.â2. The Akademik Lomonosov, a first-of-a-kind floating nuclear power plant, was connected to the power grid in Russia in December 2019. The barge is named after a famous academician, Mikhail Lomonosov. Courtesy: RosatomCollyer said Rosatom would be ready to supply SMRs. âWe have made a real breakthrough in the small modular reactor.
Last December, our first-of-a-kind floating nuclear power plant Akademik Lomonosov [Figure 2] was connected to the grid in Chukotka, the Russian Far East. Our next priority is an onshore SMR NPP to be built in Russia by 2027. Thus, our versatile flagship SMR designâRITM-200âof 50-MWe capacity will have three key applications: onshore SMR-based plants, floating NPPs, and new icebreakers, which we are currently building for the Northern Sea route. By doing so weâll secure enough demand to manufacture SMRs in series, which would drive down costs and lead times.âââŠIs There a Market for Small Modular Reactors?The nuclear industry has been expecting big things from small modular reactors (SMRs) for a long time, but⊠WEBINARSSponsored By GE DigitalPower And Utilities: Russia, China Drive Africaâs Plan for Nuclear ExpansionOfficials in South Africa and across the African continent continue to explore new nuclear power generation projects, and the region provides an opportunity for other countries to export their advanced nuclear technologies.
South Africaâs Department of Mineral Resources and Energy in May said it wants a plan to procure as much as 2.5 GW of nuclear generation capacity within the next five years.
South Africa today has just two commercial reactors, both at the Koeberg Nuclear Power Station north of Cape Town.1. The Koeberg Nuclear Power Station, which was commissioned in 1984 and is operated by South Africa state-owned utility Eskom, features two pressurized water reactors, each with 970 MW of generation capacity. Source: Creative Commons / Pipodesign Philipp P. EgliKoeberg (Figure 1) is the only nuclear power plant currently in commercial operation on the entire African continent, although the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recently said nearly a dozen other African nations have talked with the IAEA about formulating plans for nuclear power. The World Nuclear Association said at least seven sub-Saharan African states have signed agreements to deploy nuclear power with backing from Russia. Rosatom, the state-owned Russian nuclear company, is âcurrently working with more than 15 sub-Saharan African countries, including Ghana, Zambia, Kenya, South Africa, the Republic of Congo, Rwanda, Tanzania and others; as well as with the following North African countries: Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco,â according to Ryan Collyer, acting CEO of Rosatom Central and Southern Africa, who corresponded with POWER.Jacob Shapiro, the founder and chief strategist for Austin, Texas-based Perch Perspectives, told POWER that South Africa âwill need outside investmentâ to support an expanded nuclear program, which is likely the case for any African nation. âInvestment will come from the same suspects that bid on nuclear projects in South Africa before: Russia, China, France, South Korea, and possibly the United States.
Japan may throw its hat into the ring as well, but they have struggled to be competitive in more reliable markets than South Africa, like the UK and Turkey.âShapiro continued: âIt is hard for me to imagine Russia gaining much traction after [South African President Cyril] Ramaphosa scrapped the previous deal with Rosatom in 2019. That said, domestic politics can change quickly in South Africa and maybe it will be most interested in not getting caught between the U.S. and China, making Russia, South Korea or France better alternatives.
This still ultimately comes down to whichever government thinks South Africa is most important to its strategic interests, and thatâs clearly China.âRussia, for its part, said it has a âwide range of technologies to offerâ African nations exploring nuclear power.
Collyer told POWER those technologies range âfrom âlargeâ light water reactors [pressurized water reactors or PWRs] with capacity over 1 GW to small modular reactors [SMRs].
We were first to deploy commercial fast neutron reactors and are likely to be first to deploy high temperature gas-cooled reactors. For each country we come up with a solution tailored to the features of the regional electricity market, including the readiness of the distribution grid.âThe Nuclear Industry Association of South Africa (NIASA) has said there are at least six potential options for financing new nuclear power plants in the country, with Mineral Resources and Energy Minister Gwede Mantashe telling a parliamentary committee in mid-May he is open to considering innovative funding options in order to develop new nuclear capacity. Support for new nuclear power plants in South Africa dimmed after the ruling party forced Jacob Zuma to resign as president in 2018, and officials had said the country could not afford to build additional plants.
It also had been thought the economic issues caused by the COVID-19 pandemic would inhibit government-financed energy projects.However, Mantashe told the countryâs lawmakers, âThe nuclear build plan will go ahead and we will explore all options.â He said a contract could be awarded to âdevelop a modular nuclear station on a build, operate, and transfer basis, and that means there will be no immediate call for funding from the state.âMantasheâs group, in a presentation to a parliamentary committee about its plans for the next five years, said, âThe development of the roadmap for the 2,500-MW nuclear new-build program will be commencing soon.â Shapiro told POWER the most likely investor for that development is China. âChina is South Africaâs most important trading partner, an important source of investment, and has been making inroads there for a while,â he said. âHowever, unlike the last time South Africa sought bids in 2016, the U.S. now views China as a strategic threat and I could see the U.S. government getting involved to push either an America alternative or an âanyone but Chinaâ alternative. Think of what the U.S. is doing with Huaweiâa similar tactic is possible, especially if President Trump wins again.â
Though China may have an edge in trade with South Africa, Russia is actively pursuing export of its nuclear technology across the continent, as it is doing around the globe.
Rosatom has secured more than 30 reactor supply deals in recent years, and in 2019 the company said it had international projects worth $202.4 billion in its portfolio.
The company also said it has 36 reactor construction projects outside of Russia at various implementation stages, and already has working agreements with Rwanda, Uganda, the Republic of Congo, and Ethiopia.âAs for South Africa, we have great respect for the path taken by the country in the development of the nuclear industry.
We are open to cooperation on the widest range, subject to a request from our South African colleagues,â said Collyer. âDespite the shortcomings of the grid infrastructure in Africa, the latest generation of tried and tested âlargeâ PWRs, which are already being built in series across the globe, are still the clear winners in most regions, this in terms of the cost of electricity compared to any other technology. In Africa, we are able to offer our latest generation PWR-type reactorsâthe VVER-1200âwhich is state of the art compared to the previous generation reactors. It is 20% more powerful; the amount of personnel operating the reactor has decreased [by] between 30% and 40%; and the lifetime of the reactor has doubled to 60 years, with the possibility of lasting an additional 20 years.âConsidering the energy needs and peculiarities of energy systems of some African countries, Rosatom may offer its new solutionâSMR nuclear power plant [NPP]. Rosatom has extensive experience with small-scale reactors that we have been mastering over many years on nuclear icebreakers, making them as safe and efficient as our flagship large reactors. Our RITM series reactors are the most modern ones, and already have references, as they are installed on board icebreakers of a new class, the first of which is undergoing sea trials,â Collyer said.The NIASA group said financing options for nuclear power in South Africa include:â Government funding of the entire project, or government-backed loan guarantees, supported by money from state-owned companies.â An intergovernmental loan.â Corporate financing.â Financing by plant vendors.â A special investment vehicle to finance the project.â A âbuild, own, operateâ structure.The NIASA group said South Africa previously has used the special investment vehicle model to build natural gas-fired power plants. âSouth Africa gets 77% of its energy needs from coal right now,â Shapiro said. âIf you look at the most recent South African Integrated Resource Plan [IRP], itâs clear that nuclear is a small part of a more general attempt to reduce reliance on coal and fossil fuels, and embrace solar, wind, and hydropower. South Africa substituting some nuclear so it can burn less coal is progress from an environmental perspective.âMantashe, in a May 7 address to South Africaâs Portfolio Committee on Mineral Resources and Energy, said his agency is preparing its nuclear power plan as mandated by the countryâs 2019 IRP. Mantashe said his department would consider all options for nuclear power, including projects designed around SMRs. He also said the government is considering replacing the SAFARI-1 research reactor with a multi-purpose reactor. SAFARI-1, which was commissioned in 1965, is a 20-MW light water-cooled, beryllium reflected, pool-type research reactor, initially used for high-level nuclear physics research programs. The reactor is owned and operated by South African Nuclear Energy Corp. at the companyâs facility in Pelindaba.âSmall modular reactors make more sense for South Africa, especially considering they are just looking for 2.5 GW of power from nuclear,â Shapiro said. âThatâs one of the reasons the U.S. or South Korea might actually have an ace in the hole here. NuScale Power in the U.S. and SMART Power Company in South Korea are both at the cutting edge of SMRs. I would be surprised if South Africa didnât pursue SMRs considering the energy minister specifically said South Africa was looking to develop modular nuclear stations and cost is the primary concern for the South African government. The bigger question to me is whether South Africa actually goes through with nuclear at all. I am not convinced South Africa can absorb the cost even if it does go the SMR route. If South Africa does go forward, SMRs are the logical way to proceed.â Mantasheâs agency also is developing an oversight plan for a program to enable Koebergâs two reactors, which generate about 5% of the countryâs electricity, to continue operating until at least 2044.NIASA has noted that SMRs could be a more cost-effective way for South Africa to achieve its nuclear power goal. âThe small units are also quite flexible in terms of location,â the agency said in a recent presentation. âInstead of investing in huge transmission lines where they do not already exist, these units can be sited as close to the load centers as possible. They can also be located inland as they typically require much reduced cooling water.
In the rest of the continent where the transmission infrastructure is limited or the demand is currently limited, the deployment of the SMRs close to load centers such as cities and mines, becomes key.
South Africa can become a hub of the nuclear supply chain worldwide, in much the same way as in the automotive and aerospace industries.âThe group said that SMRs located in coastal areas, and using high-temperature reactors (HTRs), also could be used for water desalination.
Such a design is part of a demonstration project in China, with a reactor known as the HTR-PM, a high-temperature gas-cooled reactor. The HTR-PM differs from currently deployed water-cooled designs; the HTR-PM is cooled by helium and can reach temperatures as high as 750C.Kejian Zhang, chairman of the China Atomic Energy Authority (CAEA), speaking at the International Conference on Climate Change and the Role of Nuclear Power in Vienna, Austria, in October 2019, said, âThe HTGR demonstration project with fourth-generation technology has made steady progress, and this reactor will be capable of hydrolytic hydrogen production and high temperature process heat.
We have also recently completed the preliminary design of a pool-type, low-temperature heat reactor, the DHR-400, which may be used for district heating.â2.
The Akademik Lomonosov, a first-of-a-kind floating nuclear power plant, was connected to the power grid in Russia in December 2019.
The barge is named after a famous academician, Mikhail Lomonosov. Courtesy: RosatomCollyer said Rosatom would be ready to supply SMRs. âWe have made a real breakthrough in the small modular reactor.
Last December, our first-of-a-kind floating nuclear power plant Akademik Lomonosov [Figure 2] was connected to the grid in Chukotka, the Russian Far East.
Our next priority is an onshore SMR NPP to be built in Russia by 2027. Thus, our versatile flagship SMR designâRITM-200âof 50-MWe capacity will have three key applications: onshore SMR-based plants, floating NPPs, and new icebreakers, which we are currently building for the Northern Sea route.
By doing so weâll secure enough demand to manufacture SMRs in series, which would drive down costs and lead times.ââ
Afrika-times.com
Millions of Young South Africans Jobless – What Are the Answers?
The media frequently portray young people excluded from wage work as inactive, aimless and alienated from mainstream society. This image feeds into fears of crime, violence and social unrest in which people who are jobless are cast as a “ticking time bomb” that poses a threat to a country’s stability, reports The Conversation.African countries are experiencing an unprecedented level of unemployment among young people. The unemployment numbers are expected to increase given the booming youth population in Africa. The problem is particularly acute in South Africa. World Bank statistics show that in 2019 the youth unemployment rate in South Africa stood at 58%, which is one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. For South Africa, the unemployment numbers are expected to increase. Over 60% of the unemployed at the start of 2020 were aged 15-34.A gender gap is also evident in the unemployment figures among people with advanced education. The unemployment rates of 2.3% in 2007 and 12% in 2019 for males with advanced education were lower than those of their female counterparts, which grew from 4.7% to 15%. This status risks long-term scarring effects for young people along with increases in informal working and social isolation
Africa: Nearly 300,000 Active Covid-19 Cases Across Continent After 8.5 Million Tests
As of August 6, the confirmed Covid-19 case total from 55 African countries has reached 994,018. Of those, 298,472 are active cases with 8,527,691 tests having been performed.
Reported deaths in Africa have reached 21,641 and recoveries 673,903.
South Africa has the most reported cases – 529,877, with deaths numbering 9,298. The next most most-affected countries are Egypt (94,875), Nigeria (44,890), Ghana (39,075) and Algeria (33,055).
The numbers are compiled by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (world map) using statistics from the World Health Organization and other international institutions as well national and regional public health departments. For the latest totals, see the AllAfrica clickable map with per-country numbers.
Visit the AllAfrica Coronavirus section for more coverage from across the continent. Also see: Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization Africa and African Arguments.
Meet the Namibian actor who helped gross $60m for the 1980 film âThe Gods Must Be Crazyâ and was paid $300
Meet the Namibian actor who helped gross $60m for the 1980 film âThe Gods Must be crazy
Meet the Namibian actor who helped gross $60m for the 1980 film âThe Gods Must Be Crazyâ and was paid $300
Nigerian-American rapper Jidenna declares he is looking for a âwifeyâ
Places in Africa where you will have no mosquito problems
5 innocent black people killed by the police and denied justice after their brutal murders
NÇxau Toma_Photo: Facebook
Born in Namibia and a member of the San also known as Bushmen, N!xau Toma, famously called the African bush farmer, was an actor who spoke fluent Julâhoan, Otjiherero, Tswana as well as some Afrikaans which are dominant languages in the south of Africa.
He shot to worldwide prominence after an appearance as the lead role of the 1980 comedy film, The Gods Must Be Crazy. He became one of the most improbable and reluctant international celebrity after taking the role.
Image result for NĂÂxau ĂÂToma in The Gods must be crazy
N!xau Toma_Photo: Realtime News
In the movie, N!xau appearing as Xixo portrayed a gentle leader of a local tribal clan of Khoisan people. He was also a sober bushman with a comic smile who discovers a Coca-Cola bottle thrown out of an airplane. Upon discovering the bottle, he sees it as an alien object and it sets off into a comedy of errors.
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Image result for NĂÂĂÂxau ĂÂĂÂToma and kids
Scenes from The Gods Must Be Crazy_Photo: Egypt today
This comic role endeared him to viewers especially those in Asia who were convinced that he makes three eccentric movie sequels. The movie grossed $60 million dollars and according to Jamie Uys, the South African director who discovered the actor, N!xau, did not know the value of paper money and he let his first $300 wages blow away.
Despite his inability to attract heavy financial resource in the first movie, he had learned the value of money and demanded several hundred thousand dollars before agreeing to a recast in the film. He insisted that the money was needed to build a cinder-block house with electricity and a water pump for his family comprising of three wives and their children.
With patience and good humor, he toured the world and after 10 years of the glamour life, he stressed that he has seen enough of the âcivilizedâ world, hence his decision to return to his home in the Kalahari.
Image result for NĂÂxau ĂÂToma in The Gods must be crazy
Scenes from The Gods Must Be Crazy_Photo: African Film Festival
N!xau uses the local dialect when filming, however, the interpretation and interlocking plots were explained by a narrator. He made it clear that he enjoyed the film and was excited to see himself on screen.
Mr. Uys was criticized for being cruel to N!xau and not taking him out of his environment but to his defence, he said he [N!xau] was born to act. âAll Bushmen are natural actors,â he said in a 1990 interview with The Associated Press. After the sequel, N!xau appeared in Hong Kong films and the Chinese film âThe Gods Must Be Funny.â
His inability to manage his income and have less value for material things was as a result of cultural practices.
Image result for NĂÂxau ĂÂToma in The Gods must be crazy
Scenes from The Gods Must Be Crazy_Photo:yasminroohi.com
When his film career ended, N!xau returned home to a newly built brick house. He tended his cattle and raised corn and pumpkins. He had a car for a while, but had to employ a driver because he had never learned to drive, The Namibian reported.
The entertaining actor N!xau Toma was found dead in late June 2003 near his home in Namibia after he reportedly went out to collect wood. He was believed to be 59 years old, and the exact cause of his death was unknown. He had suffered from tuberculosis in the past.
His name, N!xau is pronounced with the typical Bushman click used in southern Africa.
Africa Times
Shakir Essa
Analysis across Africa shows how social media is changing politics
- Kenyan government officialâs attempts to block a local art collectiveâs music video that had been uploaded to YouTube
- Social mediaâs complex symbiotic relationship with mainstream media is still evident in powerful ways.
- Somalia specialist Peter Chonka, for example, argues that the blurring of public and private boundaries inherent in the countryâs social media environment can be disruptive. It has resulted in a lack of coherence in political communication by state actors
Not only have digital media and mobile phones created pathways for African entrepreneurs and consumers to access local and global networks with greater ease and speed, but the technological sector that supports digital media â from mobile phones to laptops and internet connections â has come to require a digital entrepreneurship that benefits from the creativity of African citizens.
Traditional and new media
Social mediaâs complex symbiotic relationship with mainstream media is still evident in powerful ways.
Somalia specialist Peter Chonka, for example, argues that the blurring of public and private boundaries inherent in the countryâs social media environment can be disruptive. It has resulted in a lack of coherence in political communication by state actors. This further challenges their legitimacy. Tensions between traditional and modern forms of communication are reflected in the online clash of views over âappropriateâ online content, moral values and perceived threats to national security.
Media scholar Brian Ekdale highlights the debates around âmoralityâ in social media content. He researched a Kenyan government officialâs attempts to block a local art collectiveâs music video that had been uploaded to YouTube. Ekdale then considers what this shows about the ongoing tensions between global media technology giants and local users and regulators on the continent
What is especially interesting is the way in which African users have found ways to adapt and appropriate digital and mobile media, for example, developing codes to communicate via mobile phone without using airtime â so-called âflashingâ or âbeepingâ (calling and hanging up before the receiver can answer so as to avoid incurring a call cost).
While this creativity can be celebrated as an ingenious way for African users to adapt digital and mobile media to their own circumstances, it also points to the often exorbitant costs of airtime and data which are obstacles to the use of new media technologies in African countries. Airtime comes at such a high cost in South Africa, for example, that it is often offered as a prize in consumer competitions, or airtime vouchers are given as gifts or freebies.
The advent of digital media has turned the media landscape upside down. The news cycle moves at lightning speed, thanks to live tweeting, blogging and citizen journalism, all unknown just a few years ago.
To remain accessible, conventional media practitioners in Africa are adapting to a new media world that is time-sensitive and more interactive. Advocacy journalism, in particular, is growing exponentiallyâbloggers and citizen journalists are mobilizing for various causes, including good governance.
Although a lot has changed in media technology and operations over the last 15 years, society still looks to the media to play its traditional roleâto inform, educate and entertain.
In Africa the media plays an even more critical role, that of deepening and institutionalizing democracy.
Citizens need to be informed as nations take on new responsibilities in a globalized world.
âMedia plays an important role in buildding an informed society. Said shakir essa somali digital media and journalist news publisher at allafrica
Citizens need credible information from a media that can skillfully moderate debate and provoke meaningful conversations that can lead to transforming africa
the media must see itself as instrumental to ensuring and improving the quality of life in society.
<p class="has-drop-cap" value="<amp-fit-text layout="fixed-height" min-font-size="6" max-font-size="72" height="80">âJournalists see themselves as watchhdogs. Instead, I see the media as a leader. Watchdogs just sit down and watch, but a leader stands up and leads. You have to walk and work,â Mr. Chinje said in an interview with <em>Africa Renewal.</em> âJournalists see themselves as watchhdogs. Instead, I see the media as a leader. Watchdogs just sit down and watch, but a leader stands up and leads. You have to walk and work,â Mr. Chinje said in an interview with Africa Renewal.Africa needs journalism that innovates and supports innovation in a modernizing continent, he says, one that not only grows, but promotes growth and the development of society. It needs journalism that not only generates the ideas that are the engine of social transformation, but also moderates the debates that emerge from these societal changes.
Digital media and journalism as a sector is evolving, and there are plenty of job opportunities in the field. However, Aspiring journalists have to build their experience and gather certain skill sets to thrive in the industry, said: shakir essa ( shakir is a somali digital media and journalist news publisher at allafrica
If youâre interested in starting (or growing) a career as a media in east africa, then you have a lot to learn from shakir essa
Shakir started his career in journalism as an intern at the allAfrica news website and quickly scaled through his career as a journalist, amplifying African voices and stories.
Shakir Essa on, July 6th,2016 for a 30-minute Facebook Live session where heâll be discussing journalism ans digital media as a profitable career choice, and the skills aspiring journalists need to acquire.
Register for this Facebook Live below and ask shakir all your pressing questions.
Some of the topics weâll cover:
How to make it as a digital and journalist
Media career choices for young people in East Africa specialy somalia
Moving from employment to entrepreneurship
Personal PR: Social media etiquette and how it impacts your professionalism
Why young Africans should demand quality content from media outlets (African advocates of public interest journalism)
Facebook Live Details: shakir essa
About shakir essa
Shakir essa is digital media publisher and PR consultant who is currently consulting at Media allAfrica news, as a radio producer, media relations trainer and digital journalism trainer. He also works as a volunteer youth mentor and freelance journalist.
Latest years shakir had a successful career at one of the africa leading international news sites and radio, the ALLAFRICA.
While working for AllAfrica, he works as trucking industries on Amazon prime in USA
Also he led several productions including creating digital content for younger audiences and news coverage of somali politics
In June 2016, he took one of the lead roles in setting up somalia and the breakaway region somaliland
For live broadcasting on social media His work helped direct the day to day running of the live broadcasting and training journalists on storytelling and social media skills.
Shakir Essa served as editor at allafrica news media and somali news tvs
The Shakir Essa Report, first aired January 2012, is a thirty-minutes, weekly report at allafrica on storytelling for African immigrant stories in northern Africa, Libya and Tunisia.
Shakir essa served as editor at allafrica news site’s,
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